What is property and casualty insurance?

Learn how P&C insurance can help keep your business safe from financial strain.

Kim Mercado
By Kim Mercado
Published Sep 5, 2024
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A restaurant owner stands in front of a restaurant

Property and casualty insurance (P&C insurance) can help cover your business’s physical assets, like your building or equipment, and help protect you from liability in case of accidents or lawsuits.

We’ll share what P&C insurance is, why it matters, and how to choose the right coverage for your business.

Jump ahead to learn:

What is property and casualty insurance (P&C insurance)?

Property and casualty (P&C) insurance is a type of coverage that helps protect your business from significant financial losses. It’s divided into two main parts: property insurance and casualty insurance.

  • Property Insurance covers the physical assets your business owns. This includes your building, equipment, inventory and other tangible items.
  • Casualty Insurance focuses on protecting your business from liability. This means it helps cover the costs if your business is found legally responsible for causing harm to others. 

The property coverage protects tangible assets such as homes, personal belongings, equipment and cars. Property insurance will help cover a property’s replacement or actual cash value. Typical coverage scenarios include:

For example, if a fire damages your office or someone steals your inventory, property insurance can help cover the cost of repairs or replacements.

The casualty coverage refers to liability protection if you or your company is deemed legally responsible for damages to another’s property or for causing bodily injuries. These might include:

  • A customer falls and injures themselves at your business.
  • You damage a client’s art while working in their house.
  • You badmouth a competitor, and they lose customers.

For instance, if a customer slips and falls in your store, casualty insurance can help cover their medical expenses and any legal fees that arise from the incident.

While they cover different losses, both property and casualty insurance are designed to protect policyholders from unexpected financial hardships.

By grouping property and casualty insurance together, insurance companies can offer more comprehensive protection to customers while streamlining their operations.

The 5 types of property and casualty insurance

P&C insurance is often the starting point for a customized insurance package and is broad protection against loss and liability. This kind of insurance is available for both personal and commercial policies.

Businesses typically carry these 5 common P&C coverages:

1. General Liability insurance

This covers you for losses that stem from injuries to non-employees, damage to other people’s personal property and more.

2. Workers’ Compensation insurance

Workers’ comp provides insurance coverage for lost wages, medical expenses and more if you or an employee gets injured at work. It’s required in most states.

3. Professional Liability insurance

Also called errors and omissions insurance (E&O), professional liability coverage helps protect business owners from claims of making professional mistakes or negligence.

4. Commercial Property insurance

This insurance provides coverage for damage or vandalism to your equipment and inventory. It can also cover lost income, operating expenses and repairs to your building.

5. Commercial auto insurance

Most states require that your business-owned vehicles are insured for certain types of accidents with commercial car insurance.

Why small businesses need P&C insurance

P&C insurance is a critical tool for managing risk, staying compliant with the law, and keeping your business running smoothly after unexpected setbacks. Here are three reasons why this coverage is fundamental:

1. Risk management

Every business faces risks. P&C insurance helps cover the costs of repairs, replacements or legal fees, helping you avoid severe financial strain.

2. Legal requirements

Many businesses are legally required to carry certain types of insurance, such as general liability or workers’ compensation. Not having the right coverage can lead to fines, penalties or even the closure of your business.

3. usiness continuity

If a disaster forces you to close temporarily, business income insurance can help replace lost income, ensuring your business can survive the interruption and reopen without crippling losses.

4 common myths about P&C insurance

Many small business owners fall victim to P&C insurance myths that could leave them underinsured. Here are four common misconceptions:

1. Small businesses don’t need extensive coverage

Some believe that smaller businesses don’t need much insurance, especially if they don’t have many physical assets or are just starting out. However, even a small-scale operation can face significant risks, like lawsuits or property damage, making coverage essential.

2. General Liability insurance is enough

Some businesses need more than one insurance policy. While general liability covers certain risks, it doesn’t protect your business’s physical assets, workers or vehicles. Additional coverage like commercial property, workers’ compensation, or commercial auto insurance may be necessary, depending on your business operations.

3. Home-based businesses are covered by homeowners insurance

Many home-based business owners assume their homeowners insurance will cover business-related incidents. Unfortunately, most homeowners policies exclude business liabilities and assets, meaning you need separate commercial insurance.

4. Property and casualty insurance covers everything

P&C insurance has limits and exclusions. For example, certain natural disasters, like floods or earthquakes, may require specialized coverage through a rider. Always review your policy to ensure you’re covered for specific risks relevant to your business.

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NEXT has customized P&C insurance for your small business

We know your business is unique and has specific needs. That’s why we offer affordable, custom business insurance coverage.

To get your tailored, instant insurance quote, simply answer a few questions online. Once you’ve purchased your insurance, you can immediately access your certificate of insurance and share it 24/7 via the NEXT app.

Start a free quote with NEXT.

Kim Mercado
About the author

Kim Mercado is a content editor at NEXT's blog, where she writes and edits posts for small business owners. She enjoys helping entrepreneurs solve their business challenges and learn about insurance. Kim has contributed to Salesforce, Samsara and Google.


You can find Kim trying new recipes and cheering the 49ers.

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** Coverage examples are for illustrative purposes only. Your policy documents govern, terms and exclusions apply. Coverage is dependent on actual facts and circumstances giving rise to a claim.

Any starting prices or premiums represented before an actual customer quote are not guaranteed and are representations of existing premiums of active policies as of December 6, 2023. To the extent permitted by law, applicants are individually underwritten, not all applicants may qualify. Individual rates and savings vary and are subject to change. Discounts and savings are available where state laws and regulations allow, and may vary by state. Certain discounts apply to specific coverages only.